Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Proposal Example Gulf areas in general, and Saudi Arabia in particular, are oil rich regions with the economy being driven by the large oil producing organizations. The required financial support for the SMEs, in order to strengthen their capability to further contribute towards the progress of Saudi Arabia’s economy, is however somewhat lacking. This is despite the fact that SMEs have evidently exhibited great developmental potential. The current research aims to determine the role that SMEs play in the development of Saudi Arabia; as well as to identify any governmental and other business organizations’ support provided towards sustaining continued operations and growth of SMEs in the region. This paper be presented with a brief overview of studies and researches previously conducted on the subject through a literature review of SMEs, in general; the financial support of the government for SMEs in Saudi Arabia; and the role that SMEs play towards the development of the country. The ne xt section would focus on the research questions and methodology, which would identify the required method which would achieve responding to the main concerns identified within the discourse. Likewise, any limitation to the study would be presented; prior to delving into the ethical considerations, as required. Finally, the time scales which detail the tasks and time frames for the specific research portions would be detailed in the last section. 2.0 Literature Review There have been several studies conducted on the subject that aimed to determine the role of SMEs, in general; and SMEs within the Saudi Arabia region. Their definitions would be explored, including financial support and development role in the economy of Saudi Arabia. 2.1 Small and Medium Enterprises Though SMEs exist all over the world and in large numbers, there is still no concrete definition for SMEs due to various practical reasons. Fu (2011) suggested that defining SMEs differs from country to country and are ba sed upon different variables such as number of employees, revenue, nature of trade etc. (Fu, 2011). Normally, the number of employees for SMEs are defined at less than or equal to fifty for relatively small organizations whereas for medium organizations, the upper limit of number of employees is normally between 100 to 250 (Capitas, 2013). Thus, SMEs were clearly classified according to the number of employees, as well as the amount of sales revenues generated within a stipulated time frame. Within Saudi Arabia, various organizations define SMEs according to different criteria and are followed by different organizations. There are two important criteria used in defining SMEs within Saudi Arabia. One criteria followed by the SME Development Center is to have less than or equal to 20 employees for small organizations and 21-100 employees for medium organizations. However, Shalaby (2004) concentrated on suggesting that different criterion is being followed by Saudi Industrial Developme nt Fun, and it defines SMEs based upon the revenue criteria

Criteria of American Rebels John Reed, Joseph Freeman, and Louis Research Paper

Criteria of American Rebels John Reed, Joseph Freeman, and Louis Fischer Used in the History Evaluation - Research Paper Example The developing stories of World War I, the Mexican Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution show the various stages through which the world has evolved before accomplishing its status. Apparently, the universe has been through series of social, economic and political transformations for the longest time since the introduction of the industrial revolution followed by series of inventions and discoveries that have shaped the world to what it is today (John Reed’s Selected Writings 76-158). Many people recognize the contributions of John Reed in the analysis of the Mexican Revolution as well as the happenings of World War I that have influenced international relationships between countries across the globe. Despite the raging debate over the contributions of World War and the infamous Mexican Revolution to the current status, it is important to recognize the views and opinions of the John Reed that have also illuminated understanding of many learners across the globe (John Reedâ €™s Selected Writings 76-158). In particular, Reed focused on the positive and negative aspects of the Mexican Revolution of 1911. He used unique criteria to create a clear and more comprehensible understanding of the Revolution, which has influenced the social, economic, and political dynamics of current Mexico as well as the neighborhood (Reed 63-78). The Americans (USA) did not understand the 1911 Mexico Revolution. However, the revolution found a soft landing in short stories, silent films, and American novels. The novels have particularly displayed a comprehensive analysis of the stages through which the country went through before attaining political, social and economic independence. Today, the United States and Mexico share fundamental similarities, which have immensely helped the process of shaping up an understanding of the relations between the two countries. Stereotypes about Mexico dominated American films during the 20thcentury (Reed 63-78). The first criteria that John Reed used were to examine and analyze whether or not the people of Mexico engaged in the fierce fight for the sake of it or because they wanted things they could not afford through the alternative option.  

Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher in the Life Long Learning Sector Essay Example for Free

Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher in the Life Long Learning Sector Essay Role of a teacher in the lifelong learning sector This case study investigates the role and responsibilities of a teacher in the lifelong learning sector. I am a piano and guitar tutor on a one to one basis, so I have my own views and methods on teaching. However, I thought it would be interesting to study how a teacher deals with a whole class, as opposed to just one pupil. Further to the research for the study, an interview was conducted with Joe Bloggs, a teacher in School X. The interview examined a number of areas including: roles and responsibilities, boundaries, promoting equality and diversity, safe and supportive learning environments, promoting appropriate behaviour, legal and moral responsibilities, the challenges and rewards of the role and how Joe has had to adapt and respond to the ongoing changes in the lifelong learning sector. The first question covered what Joe considered to be his main responsibility as a teacher; to engage and motivate young people in the subject of music and learning in general. He uses a variety of methods to accomplish this. For example, practical sessions/role play and getting everyone involved, as well as written assessments, presentations and various visual tasks to ensure all different types of learners are accounted for. This is effective when teaching music history /theory, however, when a student is learning to play an instrument, all these areas are covered naturally. Joe allows his pupils to make mistakes, for example, if a pupil is playing a piece of music and they hit a wrong note, he will wait to see if they can identify that they were out of tune first. This is another way of working on their aural skills. If they do not pick up on it he ensures the mistakes are addressed and provides help and advice to rectify the problem. Conjointly, we addressed the topic of promoting equality and diversity. Joe feels strongly about this and his approach is through film/music stimulation, with focus on a particular character or topic. Two popular examples of this are Forest Gump, where the main character has a disability and the film ‘The Island’ which deals with race issues. Using this method has proven effective, as Joe has found through reflective discussions with the class after watching the film. One of the challenges that Joe has had to face during his time in the teaching profession is behaviour problems with the pupils. This covered a whole spectrum of issues such as disruptions, bad attitude, pupils refusing to complete tasks and even verbal abuse and physical threats. The methods in which Joe deals with this brings me onto the field of boundaries between the teacher and pupil. Along with legal boundaries, and following rules and regulations according to the Code of Conduct and Data Protection Act – physical boundaries are extremely important. When teaching/dealing with a pupil, he says distance must be kept, however, he feels that in most cases, experience will enable friendly and approachable relationships. If a matter was to arise that was out of his hands, it would be his duty to report it to the school safeguarding officer/counsellor. Another way in which he deals with this is to set a good example to the pupils, as ensuring appropriate behaviour is a major factor in maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment. Joe adopts a friendly and positive attitude towards his pupils, ensuring that he never raises his voice, yet be firm and serious where necessary. The aim of this is so that the pupils’ perception of their teacher is approachable, but at the same time they see their teacher as a figure of authority. Although this has proved quite demanding, the biggest challenge Joe has had to face is the ever-changing development in technology. He tried to continue his teaching without it but this became increasingly difficult due to changes in assessment criteria and the demand of technology in general, particularly in music. Music has developed throughout the years, for example, we don’t need to compose music for ourselves these days. We can use music programs to do that for us, such as Garageband or Sibelius. Joe decided the only way to tackle this is to embrace it. This has helped a great deal with teaching and by doing this he has furthered his own education. The school that Joe teaches at has recently become an academy, so it is now more performing arts-orientated where as before, the school focused more on the academic side of things. This has forced him to take on a bigger work load and thus proved his capability to adapt and respond to changes quickly. Joe’s response to a lot of the questions portrays how education in music and generally has evolved with respect to time and the steps he has had to take in order to meet the requirements of his role and adapt to the ongoing changes. When faced with the question regarding ethical responsibilities, he had some interesting techniques on how he engaged this topic with his pupils. Practice is an essential for learning an instrument, Joe motivates and encourages his pupils that regular practice is the key to progression. He evaluates progress with tests covering all different types of learning such as aural, sight reading, written, and through practical tests. Both Joe and I have found that through music, it is easy to distinguish the strengths and weaknesses of our pupils and how they best learn. For example, one person may be able to listen to a piece of music and play by ear, whereas the next pupil will not be able to do that, but will excel in reading the music. Joe understands it is important to acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of each individual and sees that each pupil is facilitated for in order to help them achieve their full potential. Joe mentioned various internal and external points of referral, for example, the awarding bodies, and the Academy’s safeguarding officers/counsellors. It is evident that he has a strong passion for music as he gave up his career as a pilot in order to pursue his music career. In defiance of the challenges Joe has been faced with, his subtle, yet dynamic and enthusiastic approach helped him to overcome them. I found during my time with Joe, that although there are many generic rules, responsibilities and boundaries that all teachers/tutors have to adhere to, there are also those that are specific and subject to the area of study. It is imperative that these are recognised in order to achieve a finer understanding of the role of the teacher.

Role Of Media Selection In Effective Advertising Media Essay

Role Of Media Selection In Effective Advertising Media Essay This study will describe the consideration for effective advertising about the media selecting process. Main objectives of this paper are, to determine the relationship between advertising and role of media selection; to set up the foundation for checking the effective advertising and media performance for the promotion of consumer product; to assist the corporate sector and media agencies to select that media for the advertising of their products and services which is most effective and approachable. There is no sufficient research or literature review are available on role of media selection in successful advertising, as a result this research contributes a lot in that area and will show that carefully selected media can make advertising more effective. Keywords-consumer, media selection, promotion Introduction Advertising is a form of communication used to influence individuals to purchase products or services. It communicates a message that includes the name of the product or service and how that product or service could potentially benefit the consumer. Advertising often attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume a particular brand of product or service. Firstly a consumer product is generally any tangible personal property for sale and that is used for personal, family, or household for non-business purposes. The determination whether a good is a consumer product requires a factual finding, on a case-by-case basis (Walter Thompson, Keith Mc Arthur (2005) [2]. For advertising effectiveness different media are used to convey their messages for consumer product like print, online, electronic and outdoor media. For advertising effectiveness different media are used to convey their messages for consumer product like print, online, electronic and outdoor media. Secondl y the selection of media according to the target audience is really important for sale and promotion of particular product, because wrong media selection for product cannot convey their core message to the consumers. Online, print and outdoor media are mostly used in cities. On the other hand electronic media used in both villages and cities but specially radio used in rural areas. For the effective advertising, one should choose the media very carefully so message can be easily convey to their target and desire consumer segment in useful and efficient manner after that their advertising become fruitful. As a result in this way our adverting tools become more result oriented and successful. Hence, purpose of this study will be, develop a questionnaire on the variables which were defined above to calculate and checked the media participation in effective advertising. Main question that will be discussed and solved here through analysis is: Does advertising effectiveness depend on intelligent media selection? Literature Latre (2007) explored how the changing role of advertising in marketing is altering the behavior of advertisers and its implications for advertising-supported media. Advertisers are struggling to understand changes in audience media use and to changes in attention paid to commercial messages [1]. Television has increased slightly because of deregulation of the broadcasting markets or increase in cable and satellite expenditures. Radio and outdoor remain stable with a tendency to improve, and internet has emerged as a significant player, confirming the trends apparent in the largest markets. Numberger and Schwaiger (2005) determined compared advertising effectiveness of cross media selection with pure internet and print advertising. Findings suggest that while a combination of internet and print advertising is more effective than only internet advertising with regard to brand attitude, no differences could be confirmed between advertising effectiveness of media combination and print. They founded that the knowledge about internet and cross-media advertising effectiveness. These topics are of interest both for scholars and practitioners, as the internets possibilities are not unequivocally considered and are still developing. Currium and Shoemaker (2005) researched several textbooks, journal articles, and advertising practitioners that indicated the advertising for many products should be directed toward the heavy users of the product category. They suggested that advertising should be directed at current users of a brand to retain them or to users of competitive brands in an effort to attract them. Data Methodology The theoretical framework that can be derived from discussions could be drawn as: Our dependent variable is advertising effectiveness for consumer product that is dependent on the four types of advertising forms given here, also the effective utilization of media are acting as moderating variable which strengthens or weakens the relation of rest of the two variables. Data about advertising effectiveness was collected through these four variables and questionnaire survey was conducted as this method is the vastly used by social science, management, and HRM researchers. Questionnaire survey data can provide useful statistics to the researcher, which can be used to describe how things are and why the phenomena occur (Lewin, 2005). Descriptive statistics can be used to describe and summaries data and include measures of central tendency (average) and dispersion (the spread of data or how close each other is to the measure of central tendency) (Lewin, 2005). Therefore, by using this method it is very easy to quantify the answers to questions, compare and contrast the responses to look for the relationship between variables and enables the generalization of responses. This study has used a self-completion questionnaire also known as self-administered questionnaire. The population of this study was general public and for this sample size of 25 was used. In order to get the overall summary of variable descriptive statistics will be used; moreover correlation will be calculated to find the relationship among different variables. It also shows the direction of relationship between two variables. Analysis Following are the results that are analyzed with the help of SPSS software through the data gathered from questionnaire. Table above is showing the descriptive statistics that depicts the overall picture of all the five variables. There are 5 responses that lead to the options (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree). Number of observations of each variable is 25. The above table shows the mean, minimum, maximum and std. deviation values respectively. Mean value calculated provides the idea about the central tendency of the values for a variable. For example if we observe the above output to appraise the average response rate or the respondent then we come to know the mean of different variables advertising effectiveness (mean: 3.86), print media (mean: 3.76), online media (mean: 3.72) electronic media (3.71) and outdoor media (mean: 46) respectively. Here we see that for all variables the average response rate of responded are lie within the option 3-4 (3 is for Neutral and 4 is for agree). The minimum option that is ticked by respondents is 3 and the maximum option that is ti cked by respondents is 4. Standard deviation gives the idea about the distribution of the values of a variable from its mean value. So, the value of Standard deviation (S.D.843) which is the high value as compare to other variables values. This shows that most of the respondent answers were not same for the variable and obviously they dont have consistency in their answers. Through correlation its easy to verify the mutual relationship among variables. Table represents the table of correlations. Where all variables print, online, electronic and outdoor media are positively correlated to advertising effectiveness (r = .138, p = .150, r = .150, p = .119, r= .040, p = .680, and r = .031, p = .746) respectively. The magnitudes of the above discussed correlations are greater than 0.30 in the absolute terms (PM, OLM and EM) which shows the moderate correlations between the said pairs of the variables but the correlation of outdoor media (ODM) is lesser than 0.30 in absolute terms, which shows the weak correlation between advertising effectiveness and outdoor media. All the above correlations are statistically significant at less than five percent level of significant. In the case of these correlations the null hypothesis of no correlation are rejected as the P-values are lesser than 0.05. Here also noted that if 100% change in advertising effectiveness then 40%, 30%, 47% and 19% change in advertising effectiveness due to print, online, electronic and outdoor media and 60%, 70%, 53% and 81% due to separately. Results The main objective of our study is to examine the role of media selection in effective advertising. Using a quantitative method that is to test the projected model in the background of Pakistan and to complete our research work has a sample size of 25 consumers and general public. The main purpose of our research report is to lead the researchers and media people which select those media carefully while advertising their consumer products. Early research has been focused on the media selection (e.g. H.C Tai (2006) Numberger and Schwaiger (2005); etc.) but very few studies have been conducted which worked on online media (e.g. Kovacheva (2008); Tsotra and Janson (2007) etc.). So there is sufficient research work is required in case of online and outdoor media in Pakistan. Through a broad literature reviews of articles that emphasis the on media in advertising effectiveness. This study also provides the relation of advertising of consumer products and print, online, electronic and fina lly outdoor media. Questionnaire was developed for data collection purpose on five variables (advertising effectiveness, print, online, electronic and outdoor media). This study is likely to contribute to the literature by examining the role of media selection in effective advertising. Through this research report advertising agencies and companies can take better decision in marketing of their products and services on the other hand through general public opinions in questioner it is know that on which kind of media the consumer have more trust. In this study no sufficient relevant material was found to this topic in Asia specially Pakistan this means that decision makers in Pakistan are trying to improve advertising effectiveness without any proper analysis and market research. Descriptive analysis used to describe the data by using descriptive summary. Inferential analysis used to describe the relation between variables by checking the acceptance or rejection of hypothesis and to see the nature of relationship between variables. In inferential portion the study tested the relationship between advertising effectiveness (AE), print media (PM), online media (OL), electronic media (EM) and outdoor (OD). The descriptive analysis and correlations has been used for analysis purpose. The advertising effectiveness has been used as dependent variable as the representative of advertisement. The study found a relationship between AE and print media (PM), online media (OL), electronic media (EM) and outdoor (OD). The AE is positively related to all independent media and all the variables are statistically significant. The correlation between AE and print media (PM), online media (OL), electronic media (EM) is significant but the strength between both of the variables is moderate which shows that both variables have impact on each others. But (ODM) does have weak effect on advertising effectiveness. Limitations These findings shows that there were be lots of other factors that play role in enhancing advertising effectiveness but our variables have only 35 percent out of 100 which is very little although these studies only see the role of media selection in effective advertising so far in future studies it would be useful to include some other variables in the analysis as Advertising agencies and marketing policies etc may advances the value of the coefficient of determination? In spite of the contributions of the study, several factors may limit the value of the findings expected from the study. First, this study is limited to the advertising sector , thus the results may not be valid in other industries secondly this study is also limited to single job of media center selected because it represents a main job in advertisement of consumer product and is critical to the success of any product. Conclusion This study describes the facts of advertising effectiveness in a number of ways. It is found that if companies select print, online and electronic media for their consumer product advertising they can get better results because these Medias have positive relation with advertising effectiveness. But in case of outdoor media there is a lot of work is required to improve it because it have weak relation with advertising effectiveness so media agencies should use this medium in some effective ways in order to advertise their products through outdoor media and make it successful medium for advertising .This finding Concurs with the hypothesis that choosing first three media companies can get better result and choosing outdoor media have less effective results. Different medias have been studied to see the advertisement effectiveness and hence it is recommended on solid grounds that to choose electronic, online and outdoor media for their consumer product advertising in urban areas because people of cities have not enough time to read ads in magazines and newspapers on the other hand in rural areas where electronic media Like radio is the most effective medium of advertising. In the last, advertisers should use those methods of advertising which is according to knowledge, skills and abilities of their target customers.

Improving the Effectiveness of Sex Education in Schools Essays -- Sexu

The question is no longer should sex education be taught, but rather how should it be taught. Over 93% of all public high schools currently offer courses on sexuality or HIV. More than 510 junior and senior high schools have school-linked health clinics, and more than 300 schools make condoms available on campus. The question now is, are these programs effective, and if not, how can we make them better? Kids need the right information to help protect them-selves. The US has more than double the teenager's pregnancy rate of any western industrialized country. Teenagers have the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) of any age group, with one in four young people contracting an STD by the age of 21. STD's, including HIV, can damage teenagers' health and reproductive ability. And there is still no cure for AIDS. HIV infection is increasing most rapidly among young people. One in four new infections in the US occurs in people younger than 22. In 1994, 417 new AIDS cases were diagnosed among 13-19 year olds, and 2,684 new cases among 20-24 year olds. Since infection may occurs up to 10 years before and AIDS diagnosis, most of those people were infected with HIV either as adolescents or pre-adolescents. Knowledge alone is not enough to change behaviors. Programs that rely mainly on conveying information about sex or moral precepts-how the body's sexual system functions, what teens should and shouldn't do-have failed. However, programs that focuses on helping teenagers to change their behavior-using role-playing, games, and exercises that strengthen social skills-have shown signs of success. In the US, controversy over what message should be given to children has disadvantaged sex education programs in s... ...nd practice in communication, negotiation, and refusal skills. Although sex education programs in schools have been around for many years, most programs have not been nearly as effective as hoped. Schools across the country need to take a rigorous look at their programs, and begin to implement more innovative programs that have been proven effective. Educators, parents, and policy-makers should avoid emotional misconceptions about sex education; based on the rates of unwanted pregnancies and STDs including HIV among teenagers, we can no longer ignore the need for both education on how to postpone sexual involvement, and how to protect one self when sexually active. A comprehensive risk prevention strategy uses multiple elements to protect as many of those at risk of pregnancy and STD/HIV infection as possible. Our children deserve the best education they can get.

Technologies Impact on the Legal Profession Essay -- Law Lawyer Techno

Technologies Impact on the Legal Profession Law is a profession that has been important to the culture of our world since its beginning. Societies across the globe are each governed by a unique fabric of ethics and laws. Therefore, each culture has its own system formed to enforce those designated codes and standards. As early as 1792 B.C., the Babylonians had a written code of law. Known as the Hammurabi, this set of articles was designed to set up an orderly society. [1]Our government is formed by the Constitution laid out by our fore fathers in the early eighteenth century. This document lays out the form of our three branched government system, consisting of the legislative, executive, and judiciary braches. The judiciary branch is shaped as a system of courts to judge citizens that have broken the rules that are set by the legislative branch. In the majority of these courtroom scenarios, lawyers are used to argue for both the defense and the prosecution. The law professional, because of this, is one profession that has re mained interminable throughout history. Although law has always been with us, it does adapt to the present culture, and its effectiveness is based on the technologies of the day and the ability to best utilized them and grow with them. The men that formed the government of the United States realized that they had to form a system that would not only provide fairness and legal equality for its citizens, but also be able to adjust to the changing culture to endure that it remains fair for all generations. They understood that as society evolved over time, there would need to be new laws created to govern new crimes. In the years that our country was founded, modern technologies did not exist. Therefor... ...m a computer. These forms of research are important for business cases and can even be useful in the identity theft crimes that have become so widespread. There will of course have to be standards set regarding what information is allowable in the courtroom, and how far a lawyer may go to get the research. Technology however has opened many windows of possibility that at one time were not available. The legal profession may have been a profession practiced and embossed on our culture by our forefathers, but with today’s use of technology, it has evolved in many ways. It now utilizes forms of scientific research and the latest forms of researching tools, to help keep a society in order and to give peace to every citizen. A lawyer’s job is an important one, and the technological progressions in our culture have done much to advance its strength and effectiveness.

Big Issue – Interview

How has Big Issue evolved over the years and has It been able to stay true to its Orlando/core values? Franchise Idea 0 less rigor; social entrepreneurs go around the world Message has gone out self help / working with people In the margin Core values have been consistent throughout the years 2.How did you come to be involved in Big Issue? Were you recruited or did you seek it out? Curious to understand the organizational fit. Recruited Brought considerable experience in the commercial area 0 capable of expanding businesses Stephen brought strategy and focus to a very commercial chancy proposition Walk the talk / communicate core values and principles 3. Does a charity like yours actively think about a AS analysis, like any other corporation?Running a charity is the same as running a business Charities need an operational framework in order to evolve and deliver objectives However, they are not always In control of all elements of the AS as It Is a lively organization totally reliant on the success of the people 4. How much of the current structure is a direct result of the AS actions that your management team has taken? It Is However, some elements are not a direct result of the AS In order to get money from trusts, the environment dictates that you need to evidence what you have done There are requirements of the world that often override an Internal AS framework 5.Are you happy with the current structure and how would you like to see Big Issue's AS evolve? Need some people on the ground as they are currently understaffed 6. Strategy: What is Big Issue trying to achieve? Medal brand (education) Brokerage strategy Make a meaningful impact on the lives of people who are socially and financially excluded Solution C] for what is going on in society 7. Skills / Style / Staffing: What are your selection criteria for vendors?Skills: Big Issue: IT, HER, infrastructure, journalists, write, advertise C] enterprise Vendors: focused Style: Belief in the mission 0 unifyin g Shared belief in what we are here to do Tough parent / caring / listening 0 stick with standards Realism and good customer service Staffing: Big Issue: 75 people Ruinations / IT / HER); charity (25) Vendor population of 2,000 (need 30 people @ less than ?ask a year to help manage he vendors) Struggle to get support 0 efficient model 0 need more people on the ground 8.Systems / Structure: How you do you support Big Issue vendors? They have a badge process, which is time limited and requires vendors to check in regularly At every check point, a new badge is issued to the vendor This facilitates performance managing 9. Shared Values: How would you describe the vendor community Vendor community: code of conduct; see value of the choice they make to change 0 this can unify However, there is no defined agenda; not faith based; prepared to put something in